The inherited disorders of hemoglobin are the commonest monogenic disorders in India. Of these, the sickle cell disease is genetically transmitted as hemo-globino pathy. Its prevalence has ranged from 9.4-22.2% in different communities in endemic areas with a varying frequency of sickle cell gene. The present investigation attempts to study the population genetics of sickle cell disease for heterozygosity, genetic distance and genetic identity and its prevalence in Barak valley region of Northeastern India with respect to 23 global populations. Our results revealed that the overall population of India (frequency of 0.109) was much more affected by sickle cell anaemia than the Barak valley population (frequency of 0.089). However, from the comparative analysis of the genetic distance and genetic identity between Barak valley population with other global populations, we observed that the Barak valley population showed the highest genetic distance (0.00076) and hence the lowest genetic identity (0.99924) with DR Congo for sickle cell anaemia. But the Barak valley population showed the lowest genetic distance (0.00003) and the highest genetic identity (0.99997) with the US population for sickle cell anaemia.
