Variations of the origin of renal and testicular arteries and their drainage pattern are many. Lack of knowledge of these variations during surgery can result into accidental injuries of vessels, leading to severe hemorrhage. With this knowledge in mind, preoperative detection of these anatomical variations is mandatory to avoid iatrogenic injuries. In routine procedures involving the retroperitoneal surgeries, the anatomy of these vessels is important for safety surgical procedure. Variations of renal and gonadal vessels have been documented in different studies. The incidences of these variations many, so still no single study has covered the scope of these variations. With the advancement in technology, routine renal conservative open surgeries are now done laparascopically. This procedure needs precise knowledge of vascular anatomy. With an increase in renal transplantation procedures in our settings, the succinct knowledge of the renal anatomy particularly arterial supply and venous drainage is highly needed. In addition the gonadal vessels have been discussed for the reason that are either drained by renal veins or originated from the abdominal aorta, such that surgeries involving renal vessels can accidentally injure the gonadal vessel reading to avascular necrosis of gonads. The variations are also important to explain the phenomena of ontogenesis among human and their clinical implication. The present work was designed to study the renal veins, arteries and gonadal vessels and their variations using cadaveric specimens. This in turn could provide knowledge so as to avoid iatrogenic injuries encountered during different retroperitoneal procedures. The variations were observed in routine dissection of retroperitoneal structures at Muhimbili University and St Joseph University College of health sciences. The present study has put forward the different variations of renal vessels and gonadal vessels. In this current study we found the rare variations of renal arteries; the triple renal arteries, the left renal collar and double origin of left gonadal artery.
