The distinctive anatomy and composition of the periodontium make periodontal tissue healing and regeneration a complex process. Periodontal regeneration aims to recapitulate the crucial stages of wound healing associated with periodontal development in order to restore lost tissues to their original form and function and for regeneration to occur, healing events must progress in an ordered and programmed sequence both temporally and spatially, replicating key developmental events. Various procedures are employed to promote true and predictable regeneration of the periodontium. Principally, the approaches are based on the use of graft materials and barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration and use of various bioactive molecules. For new cementum and attachment formation during periodontal regeneration, the local environment must be conducive for the recruitment and function of cementum-forming cells, and that the wound matrix is favorable for repair rather than regeneration.
