The present study was aimed at the isolation and identification of soil Bacteria and Fungi from Thiruvaiyaru Taluk of Thanjavur District, Tamilnadu. The physico – chemical parameters of such soils were identified. The physical parameters includes the analysis of pH, temperature and moisture content of the soil. The chemical parameters such as macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium) and micronutrients (Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese) were present in Thiruvaiyaru Taluk of Thanjavur District. Totally 20 different species of bacteria and 20 different species of fungi were observed from the soil samples, they were collected from three villages namely, Thiruvaiyaru (S1), Thirupalanam (S2) and Karugudi (S3). The highest percentage of frequency of bacteria isolated from all the soil samples were recorded in which Bacillus mucoides, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp and Aerobacter aerogenes were predominant followed by other species of bacterium. For fungi, the highest percentage was recorded, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus nidulans were predominant followed by other fungal species. They are dependent on the nature of substrate and temporal regions that favour the colonization, growth and substrate possession of the fungi. Population of soil Bacteria and Fungi might also get affected by climate.
