Background And Aim: Helicobacter pylori may interact with gastric tissue disturbing the regulation of ghrelin and leptin hormones. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on serum levels of ghrelin and leptin in Egyptian patients. Methods: Forty Egyptian patients with positive H. pylori infection who were selected from those presented with dyspepsia were included. All were subjected to stool antigen test, pre-meal serum ghrelin and leptin levels and calculation of body mass index (BMI) before and 12 weeks after H. pylori eradication therapy. Results: Eradication was successful in 80% and failed in 20%. The mean serum ghrelin level was highly significantly increased after treatment in H. pylori eradicated group (P=0.005), while it was non-significantly increased in failed-eradication group (P=0.71). There was no significant difference in mean serum leptin level before and after H. pylori treatment in both eradicated and non-eradicated groups (P=0.55 and 0.325 respectively). BMI was highly significantly increased in all patients after treatment regimen in both eradicated and non-eradicated groups (P=0.009 and 0.018 respectively). Conclusion: Serum ghrelin and BMI were significantly increased following H. pylori eradication. Thus, eradication therapy for H. pylori infection is crucial for appetite improvement and weight gain in dyspeptic patients.
