Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are one of the most frequent of all oral neoplasms in the world. In India also, OSCC is, a significantly frequent, cancer in men and in women. For OSCC, the five year survival rate has not shown any improvement , even in the last few decades despite significant improvements in therapy strategies. Cancer tissue research revealed that there may be a link between changes occurring at molecular level and tissue level leading to evident malignant changes in the tissue and playing a pivotal role in disease progression. Previous research also shows that, somatic mutations could be useful as biomarkers to diagnose oral or other tumors along with serving as clear indicators for identifying early disease onset with saliva biochemical analysis, but, multiple biomarker candidates would be needed for the same. Biomarkers would serve as objective indicators, to access the disease & its presence with genomic, proteomic, or metabolic expressions like nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, enzymatic changes, antibodies, metabolites, lipids, and carbohydrates obtained from body fluids. Thus, Biomarkers maybe useful for: evaluating the patient risk, patient assessment, recurrence detection. According to an estimate it was found that over 30% of protein-coding genes get regulated by miRNAs, & thereby, mi-RNA indirectly control expression of those protein coding genes at the level of translation. Micro-RNAs are therefore, important in tumorogenesis owing to their proximity to chromosomal breakpoints and the dys-regulation of their expression levels that occur in many malignancies. Hence, if such aberrantly expressed mi-RNAs that disrupt the normal regulatory mechanisms in cancer cells are identified it would be an important first step towards elaborating the steps of mi-RNA - mediated oncogenic pathways. This, in turn, would significantly improve diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of the disease.
