“Research and Biosciences are the key engines for control of anemia”. Enthralling antidote to Brexit angst anemias. Please, let us put a lid on anemias. Well documented causes of Iron deficiency anemia is, Increased Physiologic demand as in Infancy, adolescence, excess menstrual blood loss, repeated pregnancies, also seen in frequent blood donors. Environmental causes like-famine, poverty, malnutrition, diet(vegetarian, vegans and iron-poor diet) Due to chronic blood loss due to peptic ulcer disease, Hemorrhoids, erosive gastritis, diverticulitis, colorectal malignancies, hookworm infestation, angiodysplasia, Intravascular hemolysis (e.g. paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, march hemoglobinuria, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia secondary to damaged heart valves) Blood loss due to systemic bleeding, including chronic schistosomiasis, hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Munchausen's’ syndrome (self-induced bleeding). Drug-induced causes, secondary to corticosteroids, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants and proton inhibitors (cause impaired iron absorption. Due to a combination of iron deficiency and chronic inflammation as in Ancylostoma duodenale and chronic schistosomiasis. Here, increased hepcidin, inflammatory cytokines especially interleukin-6, sequesters iron in macrophages causing it’s non-availability. Also in End-stage renal disease iron deficiency anemia results from blood loss during dialysis, reduce hepcidin clearance, inflammation and certain drugs (anticoagulants and proto-pump inhibitors).
