Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease caused by Actinomycosis spp., anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Clinicians must be aware of typical clinical presentations of cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominopelvic and other forms of the disease. It is a suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may discharge sulphur granules. Bacterial cultures and pathology are the cornerstone of diagnosis. Patients with actinomycosis require prolonged (6 to 12 months) high doses of penicillin G/amoxicillin, but the duration be shortened to 3 months in patients in whom optimal surgical resection of infected tissue has been performed. This article is intended to review the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of actinomycosis with a case report.
