Bioremediation, a branch of environmental biotechnology, uses the ability of microorganisms to degrade, detoxify, and break down hazardous substances to remove the environment contaminates. It transforms or removes organic and inorganic pollutants naturally with the help of microorganisms even if present in low concentration, employs metabolic degradation and can be used in Insitu bioremediation to minimize interruption of cleaning. Waste from agriculture can be treated by Insitu support for pesticide biodegradation and in Ex-situ sawdust, sunflower seeds Husk etc. seems promising material. The technology includes biostimulation and bioaugmentation which reduce the toxic pollutant to obtain useful substances. Contaminates such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, etc. Process a huge threat to our environment. All microorganisms are present in contaminated soil, which cannot necessarily do the process. Nutrients and other components are used to break down the contamination by allowing microbes to create enzymes which are readily affected by pH, temperature, and moisture. The Conventional technique used to dig up contaminated soil and remove it to a landfill, contaminated compounds transferred through reaction by the organism taking part in the metabolic pathway. Microorganisms may be indigenous to contaminated areas from which they may be isolated. In the presence of oxygen, aerobic bacteria like pseudomonas, rhodococcus, mycobacterium etc. have the ability to degrade pesticides and hydrocarbons. Ligninolytic fungi such as white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium have the ability to degrade toxic environmental pollutants. Due to its low cost and generally benign environment impact, it offers unattractive supplements to clean up technology with high acceptance and can be easily carried on site. This article presents a review on approaches to bioremediation there pros, cons and potential areas of application.
