Characteristics Of Parthenogenesis In Aphids

In different habitats, several species of aphid with worldwide distribution portray both cyclic parthenogenesis (CP) alternating asexual and sexual reproduction and obligate parthenogenesis (OP) of only asexual reproduction, but no only sexual reproduction. The occurrence of CP and OP is respectively widespread and exceptional and influenced mostly by environmental factors which set survival status of aphids through mutation decay and genetic changes, thereby delineating tripartite association among gene, environment and evolution with the significance of reproductive polymorphism.