Terrorism, a multifaceted and pervasive global phenomenon, has garnered extensive scholarly attention, political discourse, and public concern. This review article offers a comprehensive critical analysis of terrorism, delving into its historical roots, evolving definitions, and the complex web of factors that drive individuals and groups toward acts of terror. It explores the diverse typologies of terrorism, from political extremism to religious fundamentalism, and examines the consequences and impacts of terrorism on individuals, communities, nations, and international relations. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this review assesses the effectiveness of counter-terrorism strategies and the ethical dilemmas they pose. By synthesizing the latest research, this critical analysis on terrorism aims to enhance our understanding of this complex issue and contribute to the ongoing dialogue on peace, security, and resilience in the modern world.
