Background: Cervical epithelial dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the epithelial cells of the cervix which may transform to cervical cancer if not detected and treated. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners and HIV sero-positivity. Early detection through regular Pap smear tests enables early intervention which may reverse progression to malignant lesion. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and distribution pattern of cervical epithelial dysplasia amongst HIV sero- positive pregnant mothers attending the prevention from mother to child transmission (PMTCT) clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi-Nigeria Methods: Fifty nine subjects (59) with no history of malignancy were recruited by simple random sampling. Cervical smears were obtained, processed, stained by Papanicolaou staining method and each slide examined under optical microscope. Results: Results obtained showed epithelial cell dysplasia in 79.5% of the smears. Atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) were 22.0%, atypical squamous cells (cannot rule out high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) (ASC-H) were 12.0%, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were 23.7% and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were 21.8%. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there is high prevalence of cervical epithelial dysplasia amongst the study population. Regular Pap smear test therefore is recommended.
