Enterococcus casseliflavus Bacteremia: A rare but significant entity

Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs. Most of the infections are caused by non-motile enterococcus species such as E. faecalis, E. faecium. Infections caused by motile enterococci species (E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum) are rare. Risk factors for motile enterococcal bacteremia include advanced age, immunosuppression, nosocomial infection, previous enterococcal infections, and  comorbidities like diabetes or heart disease. Additionally, factors like recent surgery (especially urinary or intra-abdominal), presence of intravascular devices or urinary catheters, and inappropriate antibiotic use increase the risk. Herein we report a case of bacteremia due to E. casseliflavus in a patient with cholelithiasis.