The use of residual biomass as a source for energy production reveals a potential for global growth in the coming years. The energy utilization of residual products from the processing of cashew nut, such as cashew nuts shell (CNS), is a reality in industries and artisanal centers. However, such combustion can promote the release of pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), with great capacity to cause or aggravate respiratory diseases. In the present work, we analyze the harmful effects on the respiratory system of mice exposed to PM4.0present in CNS combustion exhaust gases associated with cigarette smoke (CS). C57black/6 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or ambient air (Air group) for 60 days, and after this period the animals were submitted to a single nasal instillation containing MP4.0 (CS+PM) or saline solution (CS). 24 h later, the animals were tracheostomized, cannulated and connected to a ventilator for small animals (Scirec© -flexVent® ) to perform the analyzes referring to the variables of the respiratory system mechanics. Our results show statistically significant changes in some variables analyzed (RN,G,h,cst,cl, e PV loop area) of the CS and CS+PM groups in relation to the Air group.CNS as a biofuel can be feasible, but our results reinforce the urgent need to seek control methods for the exhaustion of these gases in the atmosphere. Further investigation is necessary in order to know safe parameters for individuals who are continuously exposed to CNS combustion exhaust gases.
