Peripheral neuropathy is a general term of a disorder of the peripheral nerves that can impair sensory, motor or autonomic function individually or in a combination. The understanding of peripheral nerves dates back to Hippocrates and their disorders were first described by Susruta and Galen during the ancient times. Schwann, Remak, Virchow and Ranvier played major roles in contributing to the understanding of the anatomy of peripheral nerves. Acquired neuropathies due to diabetes, leprosy, lead poisoning, lathyrism and arsenic were first described in the Susrutasamhita but a detailed description of it was first given by de Calvi in the 19th century who went on to detail diabetic neuropathy. It was also during this period that various causes of peripheral neuropathy due to alcohol, leprosy, lead, arsenic, beri-beri and others were illustrated. While lethal diseases like Guillain Barre Syndrome and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculopathy were outlined much later. Hereditary neuropathies were first reported by Charcot and Marie and correctly interpreted by Tooth. Various other entities were included in this group by other scientists and they were classified as Hereditary Neuropathies by Dyck. It is important to recognize the various physicians and scientists who have made significant contributions in evolving our understanding of peripheral neuropathy.
