Hypertriglyceridemia contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, both directly and indirectly. Hypertriglyceridemia may be primary or secondary in nature. Primary hypertriglyceridemia is the result of various genetic defects and Secondary causes include excessive alcohol intake, metabolic syndrome, untreated Diabetes Mellitus, hypothyroidism, renal or liver disease, pregnancy, autoimmune disorders, and use of certain medications. National cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III and the task force members of The Endocrine Society recommended, screening of adults for hypertriglyceridemia as part of a lipid panel [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, and triglycerides] on patients beginning at age 20 and repeated at every 5 years. The present review focuses on biochemical findings associated with Hypertriglyceridemia. The data source is from Scopus, PubMed /Medline, EMBASE, science direct, and Google scholar. Mild or moderate hypertriglyceridemia may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, whereas severe and very severe hypertriglyceridemia increase the risk of pancreatitis. Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are the first line of treatment in hypertriglyceridemia before any pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia
