Unani Tibb, one of the most ancient systems of medicine founded by Hippocrates, is rooted in the philosophy of maintaining equilibrium among the four natural body humours -Dam (blood), Safra (yellow bile), Sauda (black bile), and Balgham (phlegm). According to Unani doctrine, health is the result of a harmonious balance among these humours. When their quantity and quality remain normal and they mix properly, the body functions optimally. However, any disturbance in this balance-whether in amount or distribution -leads to disease.
In the Unani system, Nazla Haar is described as a condition characterized by a profuse, watery, and irritating nasal discharge that often drips towards the throat. It is typically accompanied by a burning sensation (sozish) in the nose, eyes, and face, along with excessive tearing and altered sense of smell. This condition is believed to result from an abnormal temperament (sue mizaj) of the brain, which can be triggered by internal or external factors. Internal causes may be either sada (without matter) or madda (with matter).
Unani treatment is guided by the principle of Ilaj bil Zid -treating a condition with its opposite. Thus, therapy focuses on correcting the altered temperament and eliminating the root cause of disease rather than merely addressing symptoms.
Despite advancements in modern therapeutics, allergic rhinitis remains challenging due to high relapse rates and resistance. In contrast, the holistic and temperament-based approach of Unani medicine has shown promising results in managing conditions like Nazla Haar. Historical texts and traditional practices offer evidence of its efficacy, though there remains a need for scientific validation through modern research.
This review explores the Unani understanding of Nazla Haar in relation to allergic rhinitis and presents traditional strategies for its management, drawing insights from classical Unani literature and contemporary sources.
