Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetics in Mauritania, to determine the types of dyslipidemia observed in the type 2 diabetic in Mauritanian. Patients and Methods: We carried out a prospective study from January to November 2014, in the department of internal medicine of the National Hospital of Nouakchott. This study involved 87 patients. This study included only patients hospitalized in the service during this period. Results: The average age of our patients was 65 years with extremes of 40 and 90 years. The sex ratio was 1.2 in favor of women. Half of the patients were from Nouakchott (49%), and 70% were married. The mean weight of the patients was 72.5 kg with extremes of 45 and 100 kg. The average body mass index (BMI) of our patients was 27.35 kg / m2 with extremes of 15 kg / m2 and 39 kg / m2. Overweight accounted for 64% (55 patients), and obesity was observed in 31 patients (35.6%). The mean duration of development was 10.5 years with extremes of 0 and 21 years. The mean venous blood glucose was 3.66 g / l with extremes of 0.18 g / l and 7.15 g / l, and was elevated in 65 patients, a frequency of 75.7%. The mean value of glycated hemoglobin was 11.45% with extremes of 5.1 and 17.8%. Glycated hemoglobin was elevated in 53 patients, or 60.2%. Several cardiovascular risk factors were associated with diabetes: age was a risk factor in 40 patients, a frequency of 45.9%. Heredity was found in 41 patients, a frequency of 47.2%. The prevalence of smoking was 23%, 20 cases. The average number of packages-years was 6 with extremes of 2 and 10 pack-years. High blood pressure (hypertension) was found in 14 patients (16.1%). Microalbuminuria was found in 19 patients, a frequency of 21.8%. The cardiovascular risk level of patients was: Low in 12.60%, moderate in 19.5% and high in 67.9% of cases. The classification of dyslipidemias revealed the 3 main types of dyslipidemia in 28 patients, a prevalence of 32.1%.. Hypertriglyceridaemia associated or not with a low HDL level, represent 15 patients, ie 53.6% of pure hypercholesterolemia, 8 patients (28.5%) had high LDLc, HDLc and triglycerides were normal. Mixed dyslipidemia in 5 patients (17.9%), associated or not with low HDL levels. 16 cases, ie 57% with an age group of 50 to 60 years then 6 patients, or 21% of 60 to 70 years. Hypertension was associated with dyslipidemia in 57.6% or 8 patients. Diabetes had been evolving for less than 5 years in 59 patients, ie 67.8% (including 29 patients less than one year, 30 from 1 to 5 years), 17 patients, ie 19%, between 6 and 10 years, and beyond Of 10 years 11 patients or 12%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in our patients is 32.2% or 28 patients, including 7 patients (25%) with cardiovascular disease. Chronic renal insufficiency in 10 patients (35.7%), diabetic nephropathy in 3 patients (10.7%). Conclusion: Despite a poor review, the biological diagnosis of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetics is essential for adequate and early management. Because dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors for diabetes, the association with other risk factors in type 2 diabetic increases cardiovascular risk, namely that this study is the first in hospital in Mauritania
