Multivariate Statistical Assessment Of Trace Metal Pollution In The Soil At The Gas Flaring Site In Inua -Eyen Ikot Ibeno Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State Nigeria

Research Article
Anthony Okon Etim
DOI: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2018.0908.2499
Subject: 
science
KeyWords: 
PCA-Principal Component Analysis; Cluster Analysis; Soil; Trace Metal; Correlation Coefficient matrix; Inua - Eyen Ikot; Gas Flaring
Abstract: 

The study evaluated trace nine metals concentration and pollution of the soil in crude oil producing gas flaring sites Inua -Eyen Ikot in Ibeno Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Multivariate statistical approaches were used to evaluate sources of the trace metal concentration in soil samples assessed. Results obtained indicated three components as a major sources of trace metal load in the soil from gas flaring sites tested with Eigen value greater than one and significant total variance of 77.32%. The first factor explained total variance of 32.13 % with positive loading for Vanadium and Copper. While the second factor and third factor explained total variances of 23.38% and 16.82 % respectively. The second factor however showed positive loading for Manganese and Zinc. While the third factor showed positive loading for Nickel and Vanadium. The study revealed that anthropogenic activities due to gas flaring and other associated factors in view of crude oil production contributed to trace metal load in the soil samples tested from the study location. The level of trace metal such as lead, cadmium, Vanadium and Iron exhibited insignificant and negative correlations with other trace metals tested in the study location. Based on the principal component analysis Copper, Vanadium, Manganese, Zinc, Nickel as well as Chromium exhibited positive and significant relationship in the soil of the study location. This showed that the soil of the studied site in Inua-Eyen Ikot is affected by the activities of crude oil production. As such the site is not totally free from pollution. It is therefore not quite safe and suitable for agricultural activities in view of the effect caused by the metals on the crop yield and soil nutrient due to crude oil production activities on the soil of the study location.