Introduction: According to the SRS-2016 report, the current neonatal mortality rate(NMR) in India is 34 per 1,000 live births, accounts for nearly 67% of all the infant deaths and more than two third of the under-five child deaths .One of the millennium development goals (MDG-4) was to reduce child mortality (30/1000 live births) by upto two-thirds. In Chhattisgarh 39 infants die for every 1,000 live births. The State target is to bring down NMR rate to less than 10 by 2030. This target can be achieved by setting up Special Newborn Care Units (SNCUs) in every district for better outcome of babies and reduce the mortality rate. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted in SNCU and study the difference between Inborn and outborn infants. Material And Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, observational study conducted in Lt. LAM Government Medical College, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh since August 2017 to July 2018. Sample size was 1895. All data were collected from SNCU online software recorded at the time of admission. Result: Out of 1895 admitted babies, Inborn babies were 1095 (57.78%) and outborn were 800 (42.22%), Males were 1037 (54.72%) and females were 858 (45.28%), most of the admitted babies were between 2499- 1500 g (891 - 47.02%). Most of the babies admitted in NICU were preterm 1313(69.29%) of which more babies were inborn than outborn (719 vs. 594). The chief morbidity for admission was Birth Asphyxia 542 (28.60%) followed by Prematurity 493(23.16%), Neonatal jaundice 300(15.83%) and Sepsis 257(13.56%). The mortality rate in our study was 20.19%. The major causes of mortality are Birth Asphyxia 154(40.41%) followed by prematurity related RDS 114(29.92%), sepsis 92(24.14%) and Extremely low birth weight 14 (3.67%). Deaths due to Birth Asphyxia were more in Inborn 80(20.99%) than Outborn 66(17.32%), deaths due to RDS (17.32% vs. 12.59%), Congenital Malformation (2.09%vs. 0.26%) were more inborn than outborn babies, but deaths due to sepsis 92(10.23% vs. 13.91%), ELBW 14(1.57% vs. 2.09%) were more in outborn than inborn babies. Mortality are more among preterm (56.9%) than Term babies (43.04%). Similarly mortality is high in LBW babies (75%). Conclusion: Low birth weight and prematurity were the common causes for admission in the NICU. Birth asphyxia, Prematurity, neonatal jaundice and Sepsis were some important and leading causes of morbidity in newborn babies. Commonest causes for mortality were Birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis.
