Waterpipe smoking has become a common practice in lots of countries with a growing number of smokers, especially among the youth. It is widely believed to be less harmful than other types of smoking. Yet, several studies have indicated that water pipe smoking may cause serious health consequences including lung cancer. This study aimed to review the literature on the association of waterpipe with lung cancer. Searches on electronic databases were conducted using various combinations of the following keywords:Waterpipe/Hookah/Narghile//Shisha/Bong/HubbleBubble/Cancer, and Lung cancer. Studies not related to lung cancer were excluded. A total of eight eligible studies were found between 1989 and 2018. All of the evidence showed negative effects of waterpipe on lung cancer. Despite limitations of the studies, the association of waterpipe with lung cancer was demonstrated fully. Future well-designed studies should be carried out to develop evidence on the similar nature of waterpipe with other tobacco products.
