Taking into consideration the importance of agricultural production sustainability with greater resource use efficiency in arid area, field study was conducted to investigate the effect of four, Acacia trees (Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal and Acacia tortilis) planting combination on soil and Sorghum bicolor L. The crop planted between strips of four Acacia trees (eight planting combinations). Acacia species had significantly increasing soil available nitrogen, Soil between rows of A. torilis and A. seyal has highest nitrogen content,. Increasing of soil fertility has positive effect on the Sorghum plants grown in strips between these planting combination significantly taller with more leaves with greater fresh and dry weight compared to control plants which had least growth and yield traits. Sorghum planted between rows of A. tortilis and A. seyal, and between A. senegal and A. tortilis registered highest technical efficiency. As conclusion, intercropping of sorghum with Acacia can be alternative agricultural practices in Saudi Arabia or any area with similar ecological condition to amend soil, improve crops growth, and yield performance.
