oral manifestations of endocrine disorders

The endocrine system is made up of several endocrine glands that are located in different parts of the human body. Endocrine glands are sometimes called ―ductless glandsǁ because they secrete their products directly into the blood or into the interstitial space. Endocrine disorders, apart from diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are uncommon. They are rare causes of oral disease, but occasionally oral changes can lead to their diagnosis. Patients with Addison's disease, diabetes mellitus and thyrotoxicosis, in particular, may also need special care for dental surgery. This article reviews the important oral manifestations of endocrine disorders which help dental surgeons to diagnose and treat the patients appropriately.