Pollinating insects have been undergoing significant declines for several decades in many parts of the world This is of concern because pollination represents a critical ecosystem service and declines in pollinators have been linked with declines in the plants that they interact with .However, most studies to date have focused on diurnal pollinating insects, largely ignoring nocturnal insects, many of which have also undergone significant declines. In Great Britain, two-thirds of widespread larger moth species populations declined over a 40-year period with probable detrimental cascading effects on ecosystem functioning: the nature of these is considered a priority, policy-relevant question Recent work suggests that nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera) may perform an important, although often overlooked, functional role as plant pollinators
