Background: A typical gall stone sufferer is a fatty, fertile, female of forty, is a primitive statement today, due its common occurrence in thin individual and also in post partum. So while searching for other parameters, iron deficiency was found to be a new parameter of interest in the etiology of gall stones. Aims: The study was aimed at establishing the role of iron deficiency in the super saturation of bile with cholesterol and thus formation of gallstones. Materials and Methods: 50 consecutive patients suffering from Cholelithiasis by Ultrasonography (USG) were divided into anemic and non-anemic groups, based on serum iron levels. Serum cholesterol and gall bladder bile cholesterol of both the groups were estimated. They were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of patients with normal serum iron levels (non-anemic) and group B, of patients with less than normal serum iron (anemic). Serum cholesterol and gall bladder bile cholesterol of both the groups were studied and compared. Results: Out of the total 50 patients, 42 (84%) were females and 08 (16%) were males. The majority of patients 31 (62%) presented with all the three symptoms of cholelithiasis.32 (76.1%) out of the total female patients were multipara. 42 (84%) patients had body mass index (BMI) more than normal and 10 (20%) had normal or decreased BMI. Serum total cholesterol of gall stone formers was not different from that of the general population. There were no significant variations in the serum cholesterol contents of both the groups (P=0.367, t=0.91). Also, there was no significant variation of the above parameter in the male and female patients (P=0.082, t=1.77). Conclusion: The present study concludes that low serum iron levels lead to bile super saturation with respect to cholesterol, which leads to gallstone formation.
