Background: Arabic gum is a complex polysaccharide, a mixture of sugars and hemicelluloses composed of Arabic acid nucleus, it is found in nature as slightly acidic calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium salt and there is different metal ions present in arabic gum molecules. Chemically, it is an arabinogalactan-protein complex composed by weight of 17-34% arabinose, 32- 50% galactose, 11-16% rhamnose, 13-19% glucuronic acid and 1.8-2.5% protein. Methodology: lead acetate is a multi-target pollutant, it causes kidney failure and testicular toxicity in rats as it induces oxidative damage and production of reactive oxygen species, Four groups of rats were used in this study, Control, Lead acetate (8 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally), Accaciasenegel (7.5g/kg body weight /day orally) and Accaciasenegel (7.5g/kg body weight /day orally) followed by lead acetate (8 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) respectively. All groups received the oral treatment by stomach tube once daily for 4 weeks. Lead acetate resulted in an increase in the levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes, the testicular catalase activity decreased while the levels of testicular lipid peroxidation & nitric oxide increased. Elevation in the expression of Metallothionein- 1 & 2 genes in the kidney. Severe degeneration of the cortical tubules of kidney, disorganized seminiferous epithelium with depleted number of spermatozoa. Accaciasenegel extract administration before lead acetate treatment induced improvement in these changes.
