Proteins are polypeptides, which are the building blocks of all living beings, and are the main components of the physiological metabolic pathways of cells. All the structural and functional aspects of the body are carried out by protein molecules. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder that damages tissues through complex interaction between bacteria and the host defence system. The onset, progression and severity of periodontal disease are mainly mediated by various protein molecules. The complex interactions of cells and matrix within compartmental groups, allow for a molecular understanding of the periodontium. The knowledge of various proteins involved in periodontal disease pathogenesis can be used in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Hence this article aims to review the potential proteomic approaches that may be applied to periodontal tissues and consider the opportunities that may arise in defining the expressed set of proteins in the periodontium
