Leptospirosis is a contagious disease which infects both animals and humans. It is caused by bacteria called Leptospira. It can affect almost all mammals. Regular contact with the environment is a major risk factor, Laboratory testing for leptospiral infections is important both for diagnosis and management of the patients. Definitive diagnosis of leptospirosis is made by culture of Leptospira spp. from clinical samples such as blood or urine, or by the reference serological assay, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Infections in humans are known to occur primarily when individuals come in contact, directly or indirectly, with urine containing viable leptospires from rodents, or by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Several factors, such as age, sex, season, geographical location, and occupation have been associated with human leptospirosis The clinical presentation varies from patient to patient; hepato-renal failure, myocarditis, severe pulmonary hemorrhage with respiratory distress and meningitis are some of the syndromes reported commonly. Antibiotic treatment early in the illness may shorten the duration of fever and hospitalization for severe cases, penicillin is the preferred drug. For allegoric patients or less severe cases, Doxycycline, ampicillin or erythromycin can be given
