Introduction: The aim of the this study was to determine the frequency of the ABO blood group among the major ethnic communities and to analyze the ethno-demographic profile of the Hill subcommunities of Darjeeling and Kurseong Hills of the State of West Bengal, India. Materials and Methods: Total of 9030 individuals, out of which 7124 and 1906 individuals were from Darjeeling and Kurseong respectively. The collection of ABO Blood group data was collected from Blood donation camps organized by Red Cross Society, Darjeeling, and collection of data was also done from the recorded data of District Hospital, Darjeeling and Primary Health care units in Darjeeling rural areas. Similarly collection of Blood group data was collected from Sub-Divisional Hospital, Kurseong and from the Blood donation camps organized by Red Cross Society, Kurseong. Further, blood group data of individuals were also collected from diagnostic laboratories. Results: In the present data the most frequent ABO blood group were A (37.34%) and O (30.37%) followed by B(22.66%), AB (9.61%)), The phenotypic frequency was in the order of A>O>B>AB. The allele frequency of the population understudy was found to be p (A)= 0.272; q(B)=0.178; r(O)=0.550 in the frequency order O>A>B. The allele frequency of blood group O (r) was found to be most prevalent. Conclusion: The ethnographic study provided an insight into the distribution pattern of ABO blood group and allele frequencies in major ethnic groups of Darjeeling and Kurseong Hills of West Bengal, India. Moreover the present data may also be useful in population genetics studies, population migration patterns, forensics and genetic studies and genetic counseling.
