Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the supporting tissues of teeth with multifactorial etiology. Chronic periodontitis is the most prevalent form of periodontitis. While microbial factors are believed to initiate other environmental factors and modulate periodontal disease progression. Strong data supports that genetic polymorphisms play a role in the predisposition and progression of periodontal diseases. Different allelic variants can result in variations in tissue structure, antibody responses and inflammatory mediators. Genetic variations may also act as protective or risk factors for certain conditions, including periodontitis. Polymorphisms in the Interleukins (IL), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, Human Vitamin D receptor (VDR), Matrix metalloproteinase-1, Tolllike receptor (TLR) and Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) are found to have an influence on chronic periodontitis.
