Current Issue

A Non-doctor prescribing and self-medication of drugs is common in developing countries. People tend to act on their own for their health. Encouragement of self-care is seen as giving patients every opportunity to take responsibility and build confidence in their ability to manage their own health. Self-medication is defined as the use of medication whether modern or traditional for the purpose of self-treatment. Studies on self-medication showed that it is influenced by a variety of factors such as education, family, society, law, exposure to advertisements and the availability of drugs. The most common medication used for self- medications are antibiotics and analgesics.
Drug retail shops are frequently the first point of contact with the healthcare system. People tend to bypass the doctor visit, proceed to the pharmacy and buy the drug acting solely on their own instinct. Unlike other aspects of self-care and self-medication involves the usage of drugs and drugs have the potential to do good as well as harm.
This study aims to gather information about the awareness and prevalence of self-medication in the dental student fraternity and also to educate people to ensure safe practices.

Background: The relation between dental restorations and periodontal health are more important so the healthy periodontal status requires correction of dental restorations that is mandatory for the protection of periodontal tissues.
Aims of the study: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of some iatrogenic factors on a cytomorphometric analysis of gingival cells and periodontal status among diabetic patients.
Subjects and Methods: The sample of the present study consisted of three hundred diabetic patients and they were divided into three equal groups 100 patients per group control group, composite fillings group and metal ceramic crown group. They were selected from the clinics of the college of dentistry King Khalid University. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. The cytomorphometric changes were evaluated by the Cytological investigation (MN Apoptotic and Necrotic Test). The results were collected and analyzed by ANOVA test.
Results: In the present study there were significant differences were detected in all clinical parameters in the samples of the study groups where there was an increase in (PI), (GI), and (CAL) of study groups compared to control group. In a cytomorphometric analysis of gingival cells, there was no significant increase of apoptosis and necrosis compared to control group.
Conclusions: The results of a current study revealed that there were increased gingival inflammation and attachment loss in both study groups compared to the control group, but there was a significance induction of micronuclei formation in all groups.

The present paper is an attempt to explore a discrete – time queueing models which is suitable for the performance evaluation of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) multiplexers and switches. In these models, the time axis is divided into fixed-length slots and the service of a customer must start and end of slot boundaries. Most analytical studies of discrete-time queues assume constant service times equal to one slot, an infinite buffer capacity and/or uncorrelated arrival process. A discrete time bulk service rule (L,K), the inter arrival time are assumed to be independent and identically distributed random variable follows negative binomial distribution. The time arrival between the consecutive arrivals of customers is described in terms of a discrete probability mass function (p.m.f) g(x);g(x) is the probability of having an interval of an integer number of x time units between the arrival customer number n and customer number n+1. The service time of customers n is given in terms of a discrete p.m.f s(k) follows geometric distribution. The arrival and service are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d). The arrival of customer in First In First Out (FIFO) order. One server transports packets in batches of size minimum L packets and maximum K. The steady state analysis for the considered queuing system is presented and the generating functions of the number of customers in the system are obtained. We also obtained the closed form of expressions for some performance measures of the system.

Pesticides are a fatal threat to the non-target organisms in the aquatic system. The present study was aimed to explore the effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate (OP) on a fresh water teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. LC50 for 96h was found to be 1.921 mg/l. The fishes were sacrificed after 96h of exposure and tissues (gill, liver, and kidney) were collected and were further processed for histopathological studies. Collected blood was processed for haematological studies. Significant decrease (p < 0.05) in various haematological parameters i.e. total number of RBCs, % haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC was noted while a significant increase in WBCs particularly, neutrophils was recorded (p < 0.01) upon exposure. Histopathological studies of the treatment group showed significant destruction of histo-architechture of all of the tissues in comparison to control. This preliminary study reflects the impact of CPF on organ and blood physiology of Heteropneustes fossilis.

Wireless Backup Drive is a media to store our personal data. It brings together universal access to data with secure communication. It provides users to save, synchronize, stream and share data over the network or internet. It is having less cost, more secured and accessible on almost every types of devices like smartphones, laptops and many more. It uses Nginx Server which is lightweight and high performance as compare to Apache Server. There are options for creating multiple users having different permissions like read only or both read/write access. It consists open source software that can be modified accordingly and can be used commercially. It creates a Personal Cloud Storage connecting it via SSL connection using Android based phone that can be used both in the network as well as by creating and connecting it to a Wireless Fidelity Hotspot in case no router is found within the searching network.

Optimal facial esthetics is one of the objectives in orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to measure and verify the esthetic in uence of the buccal corridors (negative or black spaces) during smile. The material consisted Frontal smile photographs of 10 adults (5 females,5 males) of native Hyderabad population. The overall plan was to alter the amount of buccal corridor space in the subject’s smiling images and to have these images judged for smile attractiveness by a panel of Laypeople, Orthodontists, and Fashion technology experts (Each group includes 5 male judges and 5 female judges).A consistent relationship between smile fullness (buccal corridor) and smile attractiveness was shown in this study. On average, broad smile fullness was rated the best, followed by medium-broad fullness, medium fullness, and medium-narrow smile fullness. Narrow smile fullness was rated least attractive.

Background: Substance abuse is an important health problem throughout the world including India. A research study with family members of drug dependent people showed an increase in the risk of the emergence of mental disorders in 58.0% of the spouses, and a greater frequency of physical assaults. Methodology: A non-experimental survey method was used. 140 subjects who met the sampling criteria were included. The standardised tool DASS depression aspects were included. Results: 99% of subjects were females. 34 percentage of caregivers have moderate level of depression. Conclusion: In the present study, it has observed that most of the subjects suffer vary from mild to very severe depression shows that these subjects need community based psychosocial interventions like psycho education and relaxation therapy.

A review is depicted on agriculture robot technologies. Agricultural growth requires innovative technologies to increase efficiency and decrease labor. Worldwide projects have been done keeping in mind the ultimate aim to reduce manpower and increase efficiency. Some projects have come up with robots to harvest crops like wheat and alfalfa while some robots help in ploughing and seeding purpose. Some great technologies like flying robots have also been taken in use in the field of agriculture. Drones are a perfect example for such technologies, which help in spraying pesticides. Autonomous systems in the field of agriculture give us the chance to develop innovative powerful machinery which can serve our purpose efficiently. Such machines are able to perform the required task at the exact place, at the exact period and in the exact mode. The main objective of self-governing cultivate robot is efficient utilization of resources and to reduce labor work.

The fungal flora contains diverse organisms including a large number of fungi, molds, mushrooms, yeasts, rusts, and smuts etc. Airborne fungi are important source of indoor allergens and studies confirm their role in the development of allergic diseases. In order to identify indoor fungal allergens, 539 house dust samples were collected from different regions in Saudi Arabia. Samples were analyzed by culture employing Sabouraud Dextrose and Potato Dextrose Agar. The cultivated plates were incubated at 25°C up to 5 days. Colony forming units (CFU) were enumerated and identified.

Various fungal species were identified from the samples. The majority of fungi identified belonged to the allergenic genera. Aspergill us niger constituted 38.5%, A. fumigat us 15.5%, Rhizopus spp 14.5%, Penicillium spp 8%, Aspergill us spp 7.1%, Alternaria spp 4.4%, Yeast 4%, Mucor 3%, Cladosporium spp 2%, Fusarium spp. 1%, and other minor type include A. flavus 2%. The non-coastal cities (n=455) showed a higher percentages than coastal cities (n=84) because of difference in sample collection.

Public places, primarily mosque, was included in the study. Out of 104 samples, Aspergill us niger constituted 39%, Rhizopusspp 14%, Aspergill us fumigat us 12%, Alternaria spp 10%, Fusarium sp. 8%, Penicillium spp 6%, As pergill us spp 6%, Ulocladium, Bipolaris and Yeast 2%, Mucor, Cladosporium spp and Drecslera spp. 1%.

Exposure to certain fungal species cause sensitization and allergic reactions and may increase severity of asthma symptoms. Therefore, proper avoidance strategy need to be adopted with a regular cleaning of storage area and humidity control measures, if possible.

Microalgae carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration has been recognized as a promising technology in the arena of sustainable development to mitigate CO2. The objective of the present study was to optimize the culture conditions for freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus BBKLP-07. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze biomass productivity (R1) and CO2 fixation (R2) of microalgae Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus BBKLP-07 cultivated on media containing varying concentrations of CO2, nitrate and phosphate at different pH conditions. The predicted second-order quadratic model for response variables was significant (p < 0.01). Additionally, predicted R-squared values 0.7111 (R1), 0.8616 (R2) of quadratic model indicated the satisfactory fit of the model. On the basis of statistical analysis of results, CO2 concentration (15%), sodium nitrate (1.75 g/l/day), Di potassium hydrogen phosphate (0.06 g/l/day) and pH 7 i.e. C15N1.75P0.06H7, was found to be the best combination for maximum biomass productivity (0.93 g/l/day) and highest carbon dioxide fixation rate (0.13 g/l/day).