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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis orchestrates reproductive function in vertebrates, with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor (GnRH-R) serving as key regulators in this endocrine cascade. In teleost fishes, including economically and ecologically significant species such as Heteropneustes fossilis (Singhi), the GnRH-GnRH-R system plays a vital role in initiating and maintaining reproductive processes. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of current research on the structure, expression, and function of GnRH receptors in H.

Background: Khār-i-Khasak/Gokhrū is a valuable medicinal plant in the Unani System of Medicine (USM). Gokhrū is classified into two types: Khār-i-Khasak Khurd (small caltrop) and Khār-i-Khasak Kalān(large caltrop).The small Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris) and the large Caltrop (Pedalium murex) belong to the Zygophyllaceae and Pedaliaceae families. These plants are well-known for their therapeutic benefits. It has medicinal applications in many ancient medical systems, including Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and others.

This study compares organ doses, effective doses, and cancer risk in thyroid cancer patients treated with either a single 3700  MBq (100  mCi) or three times of 1110  MBq (30  mCi) ) I-131 doses 15 days apart. Nineteen patients (16 females, 3 males) underwent whole-body scans at 24 and 48 hours post-administration after one month using 37 MBq of I-131. Organ dosimetry was calculated with OLINDA/EXM and cancer risks estimated using ICRP 103. Fractionation lowered organ doses and cancer risk by ~10% in both sexes.

Safe drinking water remains a significant concern for rural and tribal communities in Chandel District, Manipur. The present study assessed the water quality over a period of three year (October 2015 to September 2018) by collecting monthly samples from taps, wells, hand pumps, tube wells, springs, three rivers (Maha, Chakpi and Machi) and ponds. Ten physico-chemical and biological parameters were measured and the weighted arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated for summer, winter and rainy seasons.

The breastfeeding and Breast Cancer though closely inter linked, the knowledge about the beneficial effect of breastfeeding is not widely spoken amongst people and its uncommon among other risk factors which get more importance in comparison with breastfeeding. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of breast cancer patients regarding breastfeeding. The hospital based descriptive cum evaluatory study was conducted in Regional Cancer Centre located in Uttar Pradesh State of India with women aged 20-80 years.

Unani Tibb, one of the most ancient systems of medicine founded by Hippocrates, is rooted in the philosophy of maintaining equilibrium among the four natural body humours -Dam (blood), Safra (yellow bile), Sauda (black bile), and Balgham (phlegm). According to Unani doctrine, health is the result of a harmonious balance among these humours. When their quantity and quality remain normal and they mix properly, the body functions optimally. However, any disturbance in this balance-whether in amount or distribution -leads to disease.

The most varied group of animals, insects, have intricate connections with a wide variety of microbes that comprise their microbiome. Insect physiology, metabolism, development, reproduction and immunity are all impacted by these interactions, which have a profound effect on insect biology. The complex relationship between insects and microbiomes is, along with the important consequences for managing pests and the general well-being of ecosystems.

In Unani medicine, Hijama, derived from the Arabic term Al-Hajm, meaning “to restore to its original size” or “to suck.” it is categorized into Wet Cupping (Hijama Bish Shart) and Dry Cupping (Hijama Bila Shart) each with unique principles and applications. Wet cupping, often employed for treatment, involves minor skin incisions to evacuate harmful humors, while dry cupping redirects toxins without incision, offering preventive and palliative benefits.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with mitochondrial dysfunction emerging as a central contributor to their pathogenesis. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cardiac energy metabolism, redox homeostasis and apoptosis regulation. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative phosphorylationand mitochondrial membrane integrity leads to cardiomyocyte injury, particularly during ischemia-reperfusion and heart failure.

This paper reports some observations regarding the potential production levels of ethanol from various feedstocks available in a sugar factory. The methods for calculating the yields of ethanol from sugar factory sources are investigated and a preferred method is described which could be used as a standard for comparing ethanol yields. The potential feedstocks available to a sugar factory for the production of ethanol include raw sugar, Cmolasses (final molasses), Bmolasses, A molasses,evaporator supply juice (ESJ), secondary express juice and bagasse.